The resolution emphasises that freedom of religion or belief is both a fundamental right and a vital element of democratic systems, and underlines that religious communities and their members must be able to exercise this right without impediment or discrimination, in accordance with Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights. It also calls for the full enjoyment of freedom of religion, referring to the 2015 resolution “Tackling intolerance and discrimination in Europe with a special focus on Christians,” for which ECPP President Valeriu Ghilețchi served as rapporteur.
During the debate in PACE, Rónán Mullen, Irish Senator and ECPP member, stated:
“Freedom of religion, freedom not to have a religion, and freedom to change one’s religion are vital components of a civilised and democratic society. It is not just the freedom of religion or belief that is important, but the freedom to manifest it. Let us honour religion by not instrumentalizing it, to allow people the freedom of their spiritual search and to recognise that the state is entitled to proportionately take measures as to ensure an orderly and just society.”
The PACE resolution notes violations and religious intolerance linked to war and conflict, in particular the rise of antisemitism since the October 7 attacks and the war in Gaza, as observed by national statistics and the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI). It also highlights the suppression of religious pluralism and the misuse of religion for political purposes by the Russian occupation authorities in Ukraine.
The resolution further highlights the importance of pluralism and affirms that religious communities have a responsibility to pass on their faith while promoting respect for others’ beliefs and convictions. It also calls on political leaders not to instrumentalise or misuse religion.
Finally, it calls for improved data collection on religious discrimination, greater religious literacy among public officials and educators, fair and equal treatment of religious communities, the promotion of fair and accurate representation of religious beliefs and lifestyles in the media, and better documentation of violations of freedom of religion or belief in situations of armed conflict and occupation.
ECPP believes freedom of religion or belief is a fundamental right, including the freedom to worship publicly, wear religious symbols, and educate one’s children in the faith, and it should be upheld for everyone regardless of their beliefs. This right applies to followers of all religions, provided they respect religious pluralism and the right of every individual to choose a religion or none.
Photo: Countering discrimination based on religion and protecting freedom of religion or belief in Europe © PACE 2026
